Sequence
of Pretreatment
Domestic
cold water and hot water are mixed through a tempering valve to
obtain a temperature of 77°F (25°C). The exact combination
of prefiltering is selected based on the application´s specific
water analysis. After prefiltering, the water flows to the PWC/NANO
filtration system at a minimum of 50 psig.
The first stage
of the PWC/NANO Filtration System employs a physical water conditioning
process, which is based on the principle of nucleation enhancement
under the influence of magnetic resonance. Calcium carbonate forms
around the newly created nucleation center in the water and the
previously dissolved calcium carbonate precipitates to the new seed
center and surrounds the center to form the micron crystal or platelet.
The viscosity and surface tension is also decreased.
The second stage
employs a crossflow membrane filtration process that removes particles
in the 300-1000 molecular weight range (or an approximate weight
cut-off of 150-300 Dalton for uncharged organic molecules), rejecting
selected salts. Divalent and multivalent anions are preferentially
rejected by the membrane. Monovalent ion rejection is dependent
upon feed concentration and composition, however. Since monovalent
ions pass through the membrane, they do not contribute to osmotic
pressure or with the physical water conditioner´s ability
to decrease surface tension. The membrane permeate flux is enhanced
by the physical water conditioner´s improvement of boron retention
and the flow rate, as well as reduction of scale formation at the
solid-liquid interface. This synergy enables the Herrmidifier Ecotec
system to reduce energy usage and maintenance costs as well as water
consumption and sewage charges.
After treatment
by the PWC/ NANO, the water, which is at equilibrium (between -.5
and +.5 on the Langelier Index) flows directly to the humidifier
or to a non-pressurized storage tank. If the storage tank were used,
a level control in the tank would operate the PWC/NANO system. A
repressurization pump would then provide 75-85 psig pressure at
the pump discharge and 50 psig to the humidification systems. |